Integrity Issues in the Criminal Justice for Probation Officers Essay

When becoming a Probation Officer there are requirements of guide lines that must be followed in order to remain with great integrity and honesty. These requirements are as followed; 1)Purpose (conducting professional and ethical standards and perform their duties with diligence and honesty. 2)Policy ( partnership developed with the community, respect and confidence in our ability to protect the public, and supervise offenders at a level of security commensurate with the danger they represent. 3)Scope (conducting one self on or off duty) which this policy is organized into eight principles. The three issues that I feel could compromise one’s credibility are; 1) not following the law of conduct on or off duty, 2) over achieving their power that they are authorized to use and 3) not being courteous and respecting the offenders. In order to keep these issues from becoming a pitfall into a probation officers profession is when he or she is off duty they need to keep their personal life personal because they are entitled to a personal life. It is how they conduct themselves when in the public. Example: Sally June is invited to a house party at Cheryl’s house once Sally arrive there she know what her profession is and the people that are going to be there is the public. She must conduct herself in a professional manner and be able to make professional decisions knowing that there will be alcohol beverages at this party. Therefore she should not be refrained from having a drive but should know how much to drink and how to carry herself after the drink in order to keep her integrity with the public. People know that you have a professional job and see you in the public drunk or intoxicated they loose all respect for you. Another issue that could be changed is the attitude that some probation officers show toward the offenders that they are responsible for. They should give them the same respect that they are seeking from that offender because no one like to be talked to any kind of way that creates the offender to acquire an attitude issue with the probation officer. Some probation officers take advantage of their power that they loose all respect from the offender, their co-workers, and the offender’s families. There should be continuous education or training on how to conduct yourself when working with any other people. REFERENCES http://www.fdle.state.fl.us/Content/CJST/Menu/Officer-requirements-Main-Page/CPO-Et†¦

Four Learning Styles Essay

1.Sensing-Thinking or Mastery Learners What Motivates Mastery Learners? Master learners rely on sensing as a mode of perception and thinking as a means of judgment or decision making. They prefer well-organized, highly-reutilized classrooms where expectations are clearly described and strongly related to practical outcomes such as good grades, things they can make or do, and practical connections to jobs and careers. More than anything else Mastery learners want to appear competent, able to complete the work assigned as well or better than other students in their classrooms or grade levels. How Mastery Students Learn Most Easily The combination of sensing with thinking creates students with a strong need for purposeful action. They are frequently uncomfortable with both reading and lecture and prefer to learn from brief demonstrations followed by immediate opportunities to practice what they have seen or heard. They learn most easily in skill-based content areas where each step is modeled in a step-by-step manner, and where practice is followed by immediate feedback on how well they have done. They also look for clear instructions on how they can improve their performance. They prefer work that calls for short, right or wrong answers, and they learn most easily where there is a physical object they can manipulate or a visual diagram they can follow. 2.Intuitive-Thinking or Understanding Learners What Motivates Understanding Learners? Understanding learners rely on intuition as a mode of perception and thinking as a means of judgment or decision making. Intuition focuses the learners’ attention on ideas rather than details, abstractions rather than facts, patterns rather than components, forests rather than trees. The thinking function creates a strong need for logical consistency, a commitment to thinking things through, a preference for reason and discovery over demonstration and modeling. Though some Understanding learners share with Mastery students a desire for efficiency, they are motivated largely by a need to understand and question what they learn rather than simply accept and record what the textbook or the teacher claims. How Understanding Students Learn Most Easily The Understanding learner thrives in an intellectual atmosphere and has a strong drive for perfection. Rigorous texts, demanding and complex ideas, well-organized but provocative lectures stimulate Understanding learners’ brains to action. But this intellectual atmosphere needs to be balanced effectively with opportunities for them to develop their own ideas and to question, revise, and criticize the ideas of others. They may grasp a new concept with frightening speed and lucidity but may require more time to think things through and put the new learning into action. The demand for logical consistency means they have a strong need to question and test ideas. Finally, their concern with intellectual content and reasoning sometimes causes them to undervalue the need for routine work and practice resulting in boredom when teachers insist on drill and practice. 3.Intuitive-Feeling or Self-Expressive Learners What Motivates Self-Expressive Learners? Self-Expressive learners rely on intuition as a mode of perception and feeling as a means of judgment or decision making. The intuition of Self-Expressive learners uses hunch, guessing, and insight to organize the world into shifting patterns of possibility. Meanwhile, their feeling function applies association, memory, and emotion to the task of turning these patterns into concrete images they can use to understand what they are learning, and to create meaningful products. It is through these processes of imagination, creativity, personal expression, and communication that Self-Expressive learners become excited and motivated in the classroom. How Self-Expressive Students Learn Most Easily Self-Expressive learners need stimulation and surprise to engage and focus their attention. They thrive on imaginative literature and provocative prose in science and social studies. They master content when they can add a personal, creative hook to lessons or create a project to stimulate their imaginations: in social studies, they might look to bring in dusty diaries of ancestors or to write a history of the America Revolution through the eyes of a slave or Native American; in science class they might push for a  trip to the local pond that’s been carved in the woods by a glacier; they might use their knowledge of statistics and percentages to create a business plan. They also need sustained, quieter times to work through and implement their ideas. 4.Sensing-Feeling or Interpersonal Learners What Motivates Interpersonal Learners? Interpersonal learners rely on sensing (focus on the physical nature of the world) as a mode of perception and feeling as a means of judgment or decision making. But, unlike Mastery learners who transform the data into separate details, Interpersonal learners look to extend these physical sensations into images and emotions and strive to connect this new information to their own body of personal experience. What Interpersonal students seek that Mastery students don’t is a sense of belonging and a reason to believe they are part of a team or cooperative group. Interpersonal students are strongly motivated by the quality of their relationships to the teacher, to the other students, and to their parents and friends. How Interpersonal Students Learn Most Easily The combination of sensing and feeling provokes in the Interpersonal student a strong need for conversation. The Interpersonal student best confirms and reinforces new learning through conversation, personal connections, and shared projects. When it comes to skills, both Mastery and Interpersonal learners need modeling and demonstration, but Interpersonal learners prefer a more personal approach where feedback and correction are carried by the human voice of the teacher or another student. Though they show some preference for short answer work, they are quite comfortable with work that asks for their thoughts, feelings, and personal opinions .Physical objects and visual diagrams can aid in their learning, but it is the quality of the social content, learning partner, cooperative group, or relationship with the teacher that drives them to do their best work.

Skills audit

Level use the following scale to rate the skills checklist, Please fill In the sheet as accurately as possible so as to get the maximum benefit from the exercise; Your skill In the area 1 unskilled 2 very poor 3 poor 4 passable 5 adequate 6 satisfactory 7 good 8 very good 9 excellent 10 outstanding Importance In vocational area Irrelevant 2 unnecessary 3 a little relevant 4 relevant 5 of some use 6 useful 7 beneficial 8 very beneficial 9 valuable 10 essential Interpersonal skills My skill Importance Difference In ratings Able to Interact successfully with a wide range of people.Knows how to interpret & use body engage 9 7 10-1 -3 10 Oral communication skills My skill Importance Difference in ratings Presents information & ideas clearly with content & style appropriate for the audience. Presents opinions & ideas in an open & objective way 107 +3 Counseling skills My skill Importance Difference in ratings Responds to what others have said in a non-judgmental way. Builds trust & opennes s in others 9 10-1 Teaching & training skills My skill Importance Difference In ratings Able to help others gain knowledge & skills.Able to create an effective learning environments 6 Gives feedback in a constructive way. Helps others to increase their knowledge or kills 9 10-1 Financial skills My skill Importance Difference in ratings Able to keep accurate financial records. Able to manage a budget 6 10-4 Persuading skills My skill Importance Difference in ratings Communicates effectively to Justify a position or influence a decision.Able to sell products & promote ideas 8 9 -1 Care giving skills My skill Importance Difference in ratings Able to empathic with others; able to give sensitive care to people who need it 9 10-1 Computer skills My skill Importance Difference in ratings Able to use a variety of software programs; knowledge about social media, desk top publishing or web design 106 +4 Customer service skills My skill Importance Difference in ratings Able to build a relation ship of mutual trust with clients.Able to handle complaints & concerns in a sensitive way 10 100 Planning skills My skill Importance Difference in ratings Able to plan projects, events & activities; able to establish objectives, needs & options. 108 +2 Research skills skill Importance Difference in ratings Knows how to find & collect relevant information; able to analyses data, summaries findings & write a report 8 8 0 Write down the skills where you have the highest negative scores: Able to keep accurate financial records. Able to manage a budget. (6) Able to help others gain knowledge & skills.Able to create an effective learning environment. (7) Knows how to find & collect relevant information; able to analyses data, summaries findings & write a report. (8) Which THREE skills are the most important to address for your vocational area? 1 Able to interact successfully with a wide range of people. Knows how to interpret & use body language. 2 Communicates effectively to Justify a po sition or influence a decision. Able to sell products & promote ideas. 3 Able to build a relationship of mutual trust with clients. Able to handle complaints & concerns in a sensitive way.How are you going to improve? For skill 1 – I will connect instantly with someone I. E shake hands. I will also show agreement, mirror expressions and postures. For skill 2 – I will Develop a listening strategy. Overall, I can personalize my sales points, preferences and needs. For skill 3 – I will practice empathy. Putting myself in the position of another person will allow me to see things from a different perspective. When people feel understood, they tend to be less combative, leading to greater understanding and unity.

Marketing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Marketing research - Essay Example the marketing feedback progression, marketing research offers decision makers with information on the usefulness of the existing marketing strategies and provide comprehension of the required modifications. Second, marketing research is the most important instrument for discovering new opportunities in the marketplace. Research plays a significant role in the development of marketing strategies for all kinds of organizations. Similarly, marketing research is essential for recognizing the target market for a product or service along with the effectiveness of pricing strategy, promotional activities and distribution of the products and services. Thus, marketers should consider marketing research an essential tool for effective marketing. Businesses, in the cotemporary world, are very different from those of the past. Business today is far more aggressive in their search of success. With the development of the Internet, competitiveness has gone global. A business that wants to continue to be competitive and be successful will need to understand the products and services that their target market needs and desires. This kind of information can only be obtained from marketing research. Not only will they need to understand what products and services should be introduced in the market, but also the success of their existing products and services. Information regarding what the company is doing right and what it could use to make their products and services better is fundamental to a business’ success. Therefore, it is only with the accurate information that companies can develop their marketing strategies or adjust the existing ones (Pride & Ferrell 2007). Philip Kotler (2006) defined marketing as â€Å"a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through developing, providing, and exchanging products and services of value with others. It is the process of planning and performing, pricing, promotion, and delivery of

Lecture summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Lecture summary - Essay Example A complete shutdown of such activity is not recommended but there sure is space to carry out such activities in line with conservation of the forests and ecosystems. Luckily, small sized forests that are not considered for major cultivation, hence, are conserved. A way to address this issue is to cultivate coffee on shade-grown farms. There are many added advantages for such cultivation. Firstly, it delivers a long list of forest products. These products include fruits. Medicines and lumber apart from coffee. Shade grown coffee farms not only address social and economic need, but also meet a large list of ecological essentials. Forest covers are maintained with the use of shade grown coffee and it minimizes erosion when compared to other coffee cultivating methods and agricultural systems. The leading examples being pasture for cattle grazing and sun coffee. Agro forestry provides a natural habitat to many birds. It is believed that birds not only reduce pest but also enhances its quality by bringing the damage to a minimum level. The retention of nutrients and the chemistry of the soil also has a great impact of the quality of coffee produced. Around 5- 10% of the retail price of coffee goes to the farmers while the most coffee growing areas are 50 developing nations of the world. The corporate sector sector controls most of the coffee cultivation and around two fifth of the coffee market is controlled by big corporates giants such as Nestle, Sara Lee, Kraft and P & G. Theses corporate giants are also responsible for controlling more than three quarters of the US coffee market. Farmers in areas like Gautemala are paid extremely low for picking coffee berries. On a average $2.50 is paid for picking 100 pounds of coffee berries. Hence, fair trade policies are essential and should be

Corporate governance and audit Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Corporate governance and audit - Coursework Example Therefore the government decides to reduce this theory for minimizing the problem of principal agent and also reducing the direct and indirect cost involved for ensuring that the agents behave in accordance with the principles. The report that has been established by the UK committees of corporate governance includes the stakeholder theory that not only generates the wealth of the shareholders but also takes into consideration a wide group of stakeholders. The transaction cost theory that not only emphasizes on the wealth of the shareholders but effective accomplishment of the transactions. a) The scandals of the corporate governance in the light of UK regulatory development can be explained as it facilitates innovation in which it allows the companies to implement new ideas, avoiding of box ticking in which the companies are allowed to complying with the principles and proportionality and long term learning for adopting cultural change in the companies for fulfilling the objectives and principles of corporate governance. b) The main objectives of OECD code of the corporate governance are to improve the institutional, legal and national framework required for the corporate governance. It focuses on improving the growth and development of the companies. The underlying principles of the OECD code of corporate governance are that it serves on the basis of the OECD and non OECD countries of the world. The principles mainly focus on the stock market listed companies that will contribute towards improving the corporate governance of the private companies. The principles deal with the transparent market, efficient market and also well regulated market. The main objective of the shareholder theory is maximization of wealth of the shareholders. The shareholder theory is subjected to minimum regulatory and government intervention in the business operation.

GROUP ANALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

GROUP ANALYSIS - Essay Example I loved my group and I think they were very supportive and helpful with me. Of the lessons on developing listening skills, I honestly believe that the talking stick that was provided was very helpful. It enhanced my listening skills to focus primarily on the speaker. At this university, I worked with two groups prior to this group; but I would say that my listening skills were most exemplified with this group. I have acknowledged all the group members’ opinions and I was therefore able to appreciate what I learned from them. Later on, we threw the stick in the middle and we started communicating with each other without its need. We realized that we learned to respect and listen attentively to each other without using the talking stick. With regards to discovering the controversial topic of the second Council session, when I first saw this topic, my initial reaction was that this topic would not be very beneficial for me. I really did not like the topic. I was and I am still co mpletely against the legalization of gay marriages. Through the group’s discussion, new and innovative ideas emerged. The discussion did not persuade me to change my opinion; but some logical arguments were presented about the issue. For example, Coyle Rebecca said to me that the USA is a free land and everybody is given the opportunity and the freedom to do speak and act according to one’s will. Regarding the group presentation and the group meetings during which we prepared the presentation, honestly, it was difficult for me to inter-relate with the group. Only later did I collaborate and actively participate in group activities. I was the opinion specialist. Even in the presentation, I suggested ideas for the group presentation. If I had a chance of doing a project of the same requirements again, I will try my best to contribute more effectively in the group. I realized that only through a collaborative and participative environment, would the group achieve its defi ned goals. We acknowledge that a crucial part of group development is leadership. In our experience, we did not formally assign a group leader. We understood each other; but we agreed to designate Coyle Rebecca as a leader to collect our papers and register a study room for us. But in general, there was no specific leader that directed the group to do something or organize the discussion. In retrospect, I believe we could have done better in preparing for the presentation. If my group focused on how the presentation can be managed, we could have done much better that what we did. Through a consensus, we arranged our meetings very well and agreed that every member was responsible for addressing one question. We appropriately prepared for the presentation by timing ourselves to determine the amount of time needed to respond to the questions. During the presentation, the time was shorter than the 30 minutes minimum stipulated time. Afterwards, I said to them that we should have added m ore ideas for a more effective presentation. One of the students said that at least we are not failing and the remark annoyed me. I hope the professor would discern the individual’s efforts within the group, in addition to grading us as a group. I would say that we were so cohesive and it contributed to facilitation of achieving group goals. We exchange jokes and phone numbers. We encouraged open

The Mistake of the Month Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

The Mistake of the Month - Essay Example Paine decides to start up a program that would help members admit their mistakes, and come up with solutions that would help them avoid making the same mistakes again (Lee, 2009). During the implementation of the program, Paine discovers that at least 2000 mistakes have been reported, and that very few were repeated (Lee, 2009), such an observation proved to Paine that the winning practice was effective. On the other hand, Sen, Choudhury & Nelakuditi (2011), explain that listening is one of the most essential skills that are needed for effective leadership and communication. It is always important that people evaluate the consequence of their words before they get the opportunity to speak them out, this way; they can avoid some common mistakes that would arise when such care is not carefully followed. Consequently, it is important to understand that mistakes are part of everyday human life; the ability to learn from previous mistakes and avoiding them is important for everyone. One of the ways of being understood is careful listening and attention to detail in every conversation, it is only through this that effective leadership skills can be nurtured in

Research design exercise on Domestic burglary Literature review

Research design exercise on Domestic burglary - Literature review Example In handling burglary situations, these facts need to be examined in relation to the facts of the context at hand (Tilley, 1993). When applied to the case at hand, we can identify the increase in assets in the buildings motivates offenders. The increase in student occupancy increases the vulnerable target group drastically. And also, the ease of burglars slipping through the back of the houses makes the student households vulnerable targets. In attempt to deal with these burgaries, Mayhew et al (1976) recommend that there is the need to reduce access and increase risk detection. This therefore forms the framework for the prevention of these student burglaries. In operationalising the research, there is the need to formulate hypotheses. A hypothesis is a tentative statement that is tested for its truthfulness or falsity (Kothari, 2005). So for the ease of doing this research, the objectives will be translated to the following hypotheses: The research will therefore seek to accept or refute these hypotheses. This will form the basis for a choice of either the fixing of gates in the alleyways to impede the escape of burglars and their detection or run a campaign to enable the residents to identify signs of theft and take necessary actions through better security systems like alarms and more secure windows. This will be complemented by data on the total number of residents. This will aid in comparison. Also, the frequency of burglaries must be known. This should show the general picture and also the frequency amongst student households. This data on the numbers of people living in each housing unit can be collected from the housing authorities in the area. Data on burglaries and their frequencies can be attained from the police archives. The next set of data to be collected should be the number of assets each household possesses. This will be complemented

Analysis of U.S. Foreign Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of U.S. Foreign Policy - Essay Example The U.S. democratization policy was introduced and affected by President Bush in 2005 after his administration realized that the U.S. support of non-democratic leaders contributed to terrorism. This paper will detail on how presidency, interest groups, the news media as well as the international distribution of power has made democracy policy to be what it is in the Middle East. The American interests directed to the Middle East are not national interests. The interests of some groups such as small energy companies, banks, and well-paid lobbyists do not in any way present the interests of the majority of the Americans who constitute of working-class individuals from all social groups. In most occasions, the ruling groups portray their own interests as national interests. The ruling elites have evident interests in the Middle East that they have been pursuing for almost a century. Those interests can be referred to as imperialist interests because they center on Middle East’s energy resources (Epstein, Miko and Serafino 7). In advocating democracy in the Middle East, America aims at preventing the rise of popular movements that may threaten her control of that region’s natural resources. She also uses the foreign policy to increase the number of her military in the region so as to have effective control of almost all activities. All corporate media in the U.S., as well as international media, contribute significantly to making the U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East to be what it is. For instance, it is evident that the corporate media in the U.S. carry out their roles in favor of the government policies. The media in the U.S. portray this by barring the Americans from acquiring accurate information and understanding on all the activities carried out by their government in the Middle East and other parts of the world (Jentleson 567).

Victorian fashion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Victorian fashion - Essay Example (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corset) The most common use of corsets is to slim the body and make it conform to a fashionable silhouette. For women this most frequently emphasises a curvy figure, by reducing the waist, and thereby exaggerating the bust and hips. However, in some periods, corsets have been worn to achieve a tubular straight-up-and-down shape, which involves minimising the bust and hips. The corset fell from fashion in the 1920s in Europe and America, replaced by girdles and elastic brassieres, but survived as an article of costume. Originally an item of lingerie, the corset has become a popular item of outerwear in the fetish, BDSM and Goth subcultures. In the fetish and BDSM literature, there is often much emphasis on tightlacing. In this case, the corset may still be underwear rather than outerwear. Another angle is the wearing of a corset while having an enema; the theory is that the corset prevents the belly distending, enhancing the effects of the enema. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corset) There was a brief revival of the corset in the late 1940s and early 1950s, in the form of the waist cincher. This was used to give the hourglass figure dictated by Christian Dior's 'New Look'. However, use of the waist cincher was restricted to haute couture, and most women continued to use girdles. This revival was brief, as the New Look gave way to a less dramatically-shaped silhouette. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corset) Since the late 1980s, the corset has experienced periodic revivals, which have usually originated in haute couture and which have occasionally trickled through to mainstream fashion. These revivals focus on the corset as an item of outerwear rather than underwear. The strongest of these revivals was seen in the Autumn 2001 fashion collections and coincided with the release of the film Moulin Rouge, the costumes for which featured many corsets. The majority of garments sold as corsets during these recent revivals cannot really be counted as corsets at all. While they often feature lacing and boning, and generally mimic a historical style of corset, they have very little effect on the shape of the wearer's body. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corset) Chapter 1 The analysis of the physical appearance, function and relevance of the Victorian Corset As the nineteenth century unfolded, the corset and female sexuality became inextricably entwined, a process which reached its apogee in the 1890s with the emergence of a specific pornographic genre concerned with sadomasochistic tight lacing. The increased sexualisation of the occupant, the garment, and the erotic conflation of both object and woman, was a slow and irregular process that took decades to complete, but was successful none the less. By the 1880s the pubescent child, the maid, the young woman, the matron, the grandmother, the prostitute, and the subject of the pornographer alike were marked

Using a Cell Phone While Driving Essay Example for Free

Using a Cell Phone While Driving Essay Have you ever used a cell phone while driving? Is it dangerous or not? Using a cell phone while driving is common, but widely considered dangerous. We can’t imagine our life without using a cell phone. It is a part of our daily activities. We use a cell phone to make calls, E-mails, text massages, surf the Internet, to listen music’s and many other daily activities. Many of these activities take place while a person is driving. So, it is not only becoming a part of our daily activities, but also putting our life at risk. In my point of view, using a cell phone while driving increases the risk of accident. Using a cell phone while driving distracts our mind. Distraction is an important risk factor of traffic injuries. Suppose, you are holding your phone on your ear, listening to the conversation, and managing your car all at once. Youre not paying attention; you could miss a turn or not see something coming out into the road. This can be incredibly dangerous. Using a cell phone while driving distracts your mind obviously. It can cause your eyes off the road, hands off the steering wheel and mind off the sudden situation that can lead a dangerous accident and consequent may be sport death. Moreover, if you are speaking on cell phone being on the road you can not notice all traffic signals, may reach too close to other vehicle and find it very hard to keep a regular speed. That’s why you must remove your cell phone from steering wheel and have to keep your eyes on the road. So, calling, talking or reading a message on cell phone while driving distract your mind that can lead an accident. Using a cell phone while driving decrease performance level of the driver, no matter how excellent you are at driving. Driving is a skill that requires full attention of mind to safely control the vehicle. A cell phone conversation reduces that skills and you may forget lane keeping and changing, traffic rules, signals and cannot control the speed of your vehicle. One of my friend said that, he was almost killed on his motorcycle while trying to avoid being hit by reckless driver who was engaged on cell phone. So, talking on a cellphone while driving reduces the  competency level of control the vehicle as well as increases the probability of accident. Moreover, if you texting message while driving, you require a lot of focus on writing because you are constructing sentences. Often while texting, your eyes will leave the road. This is very dangerous, as a result you can hit a pedestrian, another vehicle and other hazard in the road. Engaging on a cell phone while driving is very risky task. A cell phone can distract your mind and reduce your driving skills. It will grab your attention and can easily lead to an accident. There is no doubt, using a cell phone while driving put your life at risk as well as other.

Ownership of Property in Islamic Law

Ownership of Property in Islamic Law Abstract Property ownership has been highly debated in recent years especially when it comes to women. The case of Muslim women has been alarming in certain Islamic countries because though women are allowed to own property some traditions when put together with some Islamic Laws are highly restricting womens ownership property. Property in this light includes land, house and other tangible properties. This paper based on illustrating the different sources of property acquisition which has been hindered due to, in most case deliberate confusion of Islamic laws and customary laws which had restricted the ownership of property by Muslim women in different Islamic regions. INTRODUCTION Women in many countries still face inequality at home, in their communities and the society at large. They are usually left in the background because of state laws, customary laws and religious beliefs. This inequality also affects their right of property ownership. The rights of women to own, inherit, manage and dispose of property whether tangible or intangible has been minimized by individuals, customs and laws in many countries of the world today. These women who most often constitutes a greater population of the country, are not give the opportunity to own land, houses, cars, bank account, cattle, crops and many other forms of property. Womens right to property most often depends on the relationship they share with men around them. Religion too has also had an impact on the ownership of property by women when put together with customary beliefs. These two when put together in extreme cases greatly limits the right of a women to own property. Religion has been interpreted to the detriment of the Islamic woman but to the advantage of the Islamic man. These several interpretation of Islam under different customary laws has reduced the rights of women to own property. This paper therefore brings out the role of Muslim religion on the ownership of property by Muslim women. Examine what the Islamic religion says about women owning property and what is the real situation at hand. That is how the Islamic religion is integrated with tradition and state law and its impact on the ownership of property by Muslim women in Muslim regions. The Role of Islam in Property Ownership amongst Muslim Women Historically, the Quran acknowledges the right of women to own property. The Quran explains important post held by women during the period of the prophet which made them to acquire property. In general terms the Islamic law allows women to hold, use and dispose of property but when you go into details the terms become very complicated and this therefore restrict these women. The Islamic law acknowledges the fact that a woman should be given what she earns and which can be a mans when she willingly transfers it to the man. But when we consider the fact that Muslim women are suppose to be very reserve, their right of property ownership which can be gained only when they are exposed is restricted. To own a property in any form means you need to manage this property and this management cannot be adequately established in the private space you need the public space. The following analyses discuss the different ways in which property can be acquired but which women are being restricted in societies where Islam and tradition are being practiced in extremes. Inheritance In Islam the man is considered the head of the family and has the right to own property. Inheritance which is a form of property ownership highly favors the man. Though women have the right to inherit property of a deceased member of their family, their own share is usually half of what the man inherits. Though women have the right to inherit from their father, it is usually two shares for men and one for women. They believe that women do not have any obligation to take care of the family as the men do, therefore the men should be given more. In most traditional Islamic countries the combination of customary and Islamic law against women concerning this issue makes women to be totally refused the right of property ownership. For them since these women do not take care of the family, they should not be given the right to own any property. Also in most law courts like in Northern Nigeria where Islam is practiced, the right of women to inherit property is denied by some judges though Is lam accepts these rights. Most often, the inheritance is done in theory and not in practices. The women are just told that they have been assigned this portion of property which in most cases is never given to them. Property ownership is consider as a mans business since women are considered to be dependent and weak and needs the support of a man to handle property issues. Annelies Moors (1995) also explains that while in Islamic law women have inheritance rights, these then are generally more limited than those of men. This she explains that, looking into the shares of the widows and daughters, the male preference is usually very clear. This is because, in the case where the husband dies it is difficult for the woman to inherit the husbands property because she can get married to another man or better still she is suppose to stay under the protection of the men in the husbands family be it her sons or the husbands brothers. According to Islam, wives are entitled to one-eighth of the property of their husband s when the deceased husbands have children and to one-fourth if they are childless while daughters on the other hand are entitled to only half the share of their brothers share. Also, when there is an only daughter she gets half of the deceased fathers property and the rest goes to the fathers male relatives while an only son gets the entire property of the deceased father showing a biased against these women. This is because the property the woman with children owns goes to her children especially if they are boys and if she does not get married, she is given less and most often refused because she can be remarried. The case of a childless woman is worst because she is left with nothing as property even if she contributed in the acquisition of the property. Also, owning a property means giving the woman an upper hand and changing her private space to a public space. A woman is suppose to be very reserve in her private space and not exposed by owning property to the public space which is considered a mans space. This perception is different with urban and rural Muslim women. Annelies Moors (1995), discusses that although the women in both area knew their rights of property ownership, some those in the urban areas accepted their own share of the estate but most in the rural areas stayed retrained from acquiring their own shares. This I believe was the result of their customary law in those rural areas which prohibited them. Education Education is a form of property acquisition because when you are educated you are exposed to issues of knowing your rights. In most parts of Africa where Islam is practiced, the number of girls going to school has been relatively low compared to the Christian areas. The people do not see the need of educating the girl child since she is believed to be the property of the man. Education is not a priority but early marriages are encouraged. Going to school is meant for the boys who will eventually become a family head and needs education and property to take care of the family. This is very common with Muslims especially in the rural areas who strongly believe in their customary and Islamic laws. Most of them are not aware of any state law or international human rights laws or even the Islamic which give them the right to own property. Vanessa Maher (1974), explains that Berbers in Morocco equivalent of seclusion, and preserving family honor intact in keeping their girl child at home s ince schools are considered as a corrupting influence and giving access to the public sphere making education very irrelevant. Work According to the Islamic law, women are allowed to work but this is usually under certain circumstances and under very strict conditions. In many Islamic countries, job opportunities for women and men are not the same. They are not given equal opportunities because women are highly restricted from public life. A woman is not supposed to work alone with a man because according to the Quran they might be tempted. A woman is not supposed to do any job that will expose her honor of womanhood but she is supposed to remain modest. Islam generally recommends that women stay at home and take care of the home. When Vanessa Maher carried out her field work on Women and Property in morocco in 1974, she pointed out that women do not work for wages because their participation in the public sphere is considered immoral. This alone prohibits these women from doing anything that will make them acquire property. Also the man has is oblarged according to Islam to uphold his obligation of maintaining t he woman. The husband is responsible for maintaining his wife and the entire family not the other way round even when the wife has the means, so this also discourages Muslim women from working. According to the Islamic law, women are allowed to work but this is usually under certain circumstances and under very strict conditions. In many Islamic countries, job opportunities for women and men are not the same. They are not given equal opportunities because women are highly restricted from public life. A woman is not supposed to work alone with a man because according to the Quran they might be tempted. A woman is not supposed to do any job that will expose her honor of womanhood but she is supposed to remain modest. Islam generally recommends that women stay at home and take care of the home. When Vanessa Maher carried out her field work on Women and Property in morocco in 1974, she pointed out that women do not work for wages because their participation in the public sphere is considered immoral. This alone prohibits these women from doing anything that will make them acquire property. Also the man has is oblarged according to Islam to uphold his obligation of maintaining t he woman. The husband is responsible for maintaining his wife and the entire family not the other way round even when the wife has the means, so this also discourages Muslim women from working. Even the dower and maintenance gift in which the woman is entitled to be given to her for marriage is only owned by her in theory and not in practice. Annelies Moors 1995 when she carried out her research in Palestine explained that younger village women rarely expressed an interest in selling their gold (which was their dower) to buy productive property; they would rather invest it in their husband and his house. This is because when she gets married to the man this property automatically goes back to the man since he is supposed to control the familys resources. At times the dower and maintenance gift are orally given through promises and the woman never receives it. The dower is gradually losing its value because most contemporary Muslim women will prefer their husbands to invest his resources in the up keep of the family. They do not really care about the dower especially in the urban areas. More so, in case of divorce since the wife does not have any right of property compensation or sharing all what was given to her as dower is taken by the husband. This is because, during marriage the properties she contributes to the family are not regarded as hers but the husbands property. Annelies Moors (1995), in her research in Palestine explains that women no longer sell their gold dower to buy productive property because independent female ownership of such property clashes with their definition as dependent wives. They instead use it to invest in their families therefore reducing their access to property. CONCLUSION Though efforts are being made to enhance property ownership by Muslim women, this issue is more complicated in the rural areas since there are strong customary laws which restrict women. When these customary laws are put together with the Islamic laws, these women are completely isolated in the ownership of property. This is because there is a deliberate confusion between Islamic laws and customary law by men which suppress a womans right of owning property making the customary law to predominate. Actual control of property has still remained in hands of the men. Womens less right of property according to Islamic thoughts is seen to be compensated with the fact that they are under the custody of the men. Property is considered as power, and the more property you own the more powerful you are. REFERENCES DUPRET, B., BERGER, M., Al-ZWAINI, L. (Eds.), Legal Pluralism in the Arab World, The Hague, Kluwer International, 1999 ROSEN, L. (2000): The Justice of Islam. Comparative Perspectives on Islamic Law and Society, Oxford U.P Vanessa Maher (1974); Women and Property in Morocco: The Changing Relation to the Process of Social Stratification in the Middle Atlas. Cambridge University Press. Annelies Moors (1995); Women Property and Islam: Palestinian Experience 1920-1990. Cambridge Middle East Ngonà © Diop Tine and Mohamadou Sy (2003): Women and Land in Africa: A case Study from Senegal.

Business Studies coursework Task 8 continued: :: Business and Management Studies

Business Studies coursework Task 8 continued: Latest news shows that the car company, MG Rover will be taken over by a Chinese car manufacturer. This may vastly affect the sales of car production for the MG Rover Company. The company ‘Shanghai Automotive’ will own 70% of the company whilst MG Rover owning 30%, which means that the company may change names and affect customer’s who already own a MG car, meaning they may feel unhappy with the change, as the company production maybe moving to China. This means sales and customer satisfaction may change dramatically for the business. As the company is taking over (Shanghai Automotive) this means that they are going to inject around  £1 billion pounds aiming to make over 100 million cars a year. This means saving over 6000 jobs that would have been depleted if the Chinese car manufacturers had not come up with the money to save the business. This maybe recognised by the public, meaning that they like the new changes as they will be able to carry on with their job. However, the problems that have occurred are that they want to concentrate the main manufacturing of the car over in China, and bringing machines and technology over to Britain, but only are considering making around 200,000 cars. This means that the cars available are lower, and that people who buy the cars may think that they are buying a British car, but are buying a car exported from China, which they may not like. Especially if something goes wrong with the car that they have bought, they do not know if there are local garages and car manufacturers near their homes. This could mean that the customer is unhappy as more expenses are being made just to satisfy there non-British car. They may also be against the fact that there car has not been made in Britain; therefore it can only be fixed if it was sent back to the manufacturers in China. Reports have shown that there are three types of cars that they will introduce under the new manufacturers ‘Shanghai Automotive’. The first will be the mid-sized family car, then the sports car, and finally a smaller car like the Rover 25, and also a sleek executive model. This is good news as we are promoting the MG-TF, which is a sports car, so in the future when we are promoting the MG-TF, we can be sure that sales will happen, because sports cars will still be made. As the production of cars is being extended to China, both ‘Shanghai Automotive’ and ‘MG Rover’ have said they are expanding the business

The French and Indian War Essay -- essays research papers

In July 1755, a few miles south of Fort Duquesne, now Pittsburg where the Alegheny and Monongahela rivers meet, a combined force of French and Indians ambushed British and colonial troops. This catastrophe was to ultimately become the starting point of the French and Indian War. During the â€Å"Seven Years War†, as the French and Indian War is commonly called, there were wins and losses on both sides, but ultimately the British were victorious with the help of William Pitt. However, the War caused England many economic, political, and ideological tribulations with the American colonists. In response to a French threat to England’s western frontiers, delegates from seven northern and middle colonies gathered in Albany, New York, in June 1754. With the patronage of administers in London, they sought two goals: to persuade the Iroquois to abandon their traditional neutrality and to coordinate the defenses of the colonies. This Albany Congress succeeded in neither. While the Albany Congress representatives deliberated, Governor Robert Dinwiddie of Virginia sent a small military force westward to counter the French moves. Virginia claimed ownership of Ohio, and Governor Dinwiddie hoped to prevent the French from founding their permanent post there. However, the militia group was too late, for the French were already constructing Fort Duquesne at the strategic point where the Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers meet. George Washington was twenty-two and commanded the Virginian militia who attacked a French detachment and eventually surrendered after a day-long battle d uring which more than one-third of his men were killed or wounded. Washington had made a huge mistake that would eventually set of a war that would encompass nearly the entire world. â€Å"America, mayest well rejoice, the Children of New England may be glad and triumph† (Doc. E). Led by William Pitt, a civilian official that was placed in charge of the war effort in 1757, Britain pursued a military strategy that was lacking in the years prior. In July 1758, British forces recaptured the fortress at Louisburg, cutting off the major French supply route. In a spectacular attack in 1759, General James Wolfe’s soldiers defeated the French on the Plains of Abraham and took Quebec. A year later the British captured Montreal, which was the last French stronghold on the continent, which ended the American phase of the... ... was one that largely left them alone. The Whigs warned the people to guard against the government’s attempts to encroach on their liberty and seize their property. Rulers would try to corrupt and oppress the people and only the elected representatives could preserve their precious yet fragile liberty. Britain’s attempt to tighten the reigns of the government and to raise revenues from the colonies in the 1760’s and early 1770’s convinced many Americans that the Real Whigs’ reasoning applied to their current circumstances. The colonists believed that the excessive and unjust taxation could destroy their freedom. Though willing to contend for their rights, the colonists did not seek independence. They rather wanted some measure of self-government. Throughout the course of the French and Indian War and its aftermath, England and the American colonists had a tough time in their economy and government. With a depleting treasury, high taxation plans, and a floundering government the American and British colonists had many conflicts with each other. However, these two independent and strongly reliable countries came through their problems in time and overcome the hardships they faced.

Robert Frost Home Burial - A Reflection of Reality Essay -- Home Buri

Home Burial as a Reflection of Reality Robert Frost's "Home Burial" is a masterfully written work, conceived from his and his wife's anguish at the loss of their first-born son as well as from the estrangement between his sister-in-law and her husband due to the death of their child. In Donald J. Greiner's commentary on Frost's works, "The Indespensible Robert Frost," it is revealed that "Mrs. Frost could not ease her grief following Elliot's death, and Frost later reported that she knew then that the world was evil. Amy in "Home Burial" makes the same observati Often it seems that writers have their own personal inspiration that fuels a great work to cause its readers to realize the complexity of the human nature. Robert Frost's "Home Burial" is a masterfully written example of such works, conceived from his and his wife's anguish at the loss of their first-born son as well as from the estrangement between his sister-in-law and her husband due to the death of their child. In Donald J. Greiner's commentary on Frost's work s, "The Indespensible Robert Frost," it is revealed that "Mrs. Frost could not ease her grief following Elliot's death, and Frost later reported that she knew then that the world was evil. Amy in "Home Burial" makes the same observation". "Home Burial" illustrates the cause of the failing marriage as a breakdown of communication, both verbally and physically, between two people who adopt totally different views in the midst of crisis. Amy does not believe that her husband is in mourning over the death of their child. Her view can be defended by the fact that she is feeling unimaginable pain that she justly feels is unique to the nurturing nature of a mother. The child tha... ...eir ability to talk normally to eachother, but also because the physical side of their marriage is absent. Touch is a form of communication that the total absence of alone can destroy a loving union. Frost leaves the reader with a realistically portrayed image of their marital turmoil reaching a height as Amy opens the door, ready to walk out on the marriage. The melancholy conclusion to Frost's work ends up being the result of failed communication. "Home Burial" is unfortunately a reflection of the reality that many marriages fail in the event of a child's death. A lack of communication, both verbally and physically, tears apart two people even without a tragedy as profound as the one that Frost and his wife experienced. Frost's work is an expression of the more serious and traumatic side of nature and reveals the consequences of inevitable human flaws.

Discrimination or Disparity in Policing

Discrimination refers to a difference in the kind of treatment given to individuals based on the race, ethnic background, social class, gender and so forth. Disparity on the other hand refers to a difference in outcomes of a situation which is not necessarily as a result of differential treatment or any kind of biased treatment. According to Wrobleski (2005), discrimination can be defined as a differential unequal treatment exhibited by a person when dealing with an individual from a certain race, sex, religion or ethnic origin.In policing, all citizens in a country are entitled to equal amount of protection under the state laws as a sign of democracy. Discrimination in policing occurs when police officers in a given state fail to practice fair treatment when dealing with their workmates and members of the public due to race, gender, ethnic origin, skin color or religion biases and it is a bit different from disparity. For instance, many traffic policemen are known to easily forgive women drivers who violate traffic rules but the same policemen become very strict when dealing with male drivers.On the other hand, women are known to be more careful drivers than their male counterparts and thus, not many women drivers violate traffic rules. The fact that there are many male traffic rules violators than women might lead to some difference in the number of traffic tickets given to women as opposed to those given to men. This kind of difference will be referred to as disparity and not discrimination. The police force has in the recent past being highly associated with cases of discrimination and favoritism.This paper seeks top identify the types of discrimination and disparity in policing mainly based on gender, race and class. Racial discrimination and disparity. The issue of racial and ethnic discrimination and disparity in policing has been widely researched and most studies indicate that there is a common pattern of systematic discrimination and disparity related to factors such as involvement in criminal activities, drug abuse and so forth. Systematic discrimination in policing can be defined as the type of differential treatment which is always present in a state's justice system regardless of the time or place.Most of racial discrimination in the justice systems exists in form of racial profiling (Wrobleski, 2005). Racial profiling refers to a situation whereby members of a certain race or ethnic origin are subjected to extensive surveillance, police force and criminal justice than others. For instance, law enforcement officers in the U. S have been accused of using the authority given to them in a discretionary way when dealing with minority motorists. The word minority here refers to the blacks, Hispanics or native Americans (Walker, Cassia & Miriam, 2000).This is a case of racial profiling and such cases have brought so much controversy in the American policing with many people claiming that the high rates of minority involvement in t raffic stops as opposed to the number of whites involved reflects how biased the traffic police officers are in terms of race. A study carried out by the U. S Rand Corporation in 2006 showed that the minority populations are more likely to be stopped by traffic officers, searched and accused of drug trafficking unlike their white counterparts.The study also discovered some pattern of racial disparities with many drug traffickers located in some parts of the state inhabited by the blacks and the Hispanics unlike those areas inhabited by the whites (Lanier & Stuart, 2008). However, the law enforcers are quick to defend themselves on this accusations claiming that they operate under pressure to track and bring to book those involved in drug use and trafficking activities. The term racial profiling has been replaced with racial biased policing to show how policing in U.S is biased towards the minority population. Apart from traffic police officers, the law enforcing unit in U. S has bee n generally accused of possessing a high tendency of using excessive force when dealing with the minority groups than when dealing with the whites. According to Fukurai (2002), racial discrimination and disparity in the U. S has also been identified in the federal justice systems. Racial disparities in the criminal justice systems has been attributed to the high number of minority populations involved in criminal activities.Racial discrimination is responsible for the disparity seen in police arrests, jury selection and prosecution procedures in the current criminal justice systems in the U. S. Gender discrimination and disparity. Discrimination in policing on the bases of gender is very common in U. S just like in most parts of the world. The major issue of gender discrimination and disparity in the U. S policing is associated with lack of gender integration whereby for a long time now, women have been highly ignored and denied the chance to work as police officers.However, a call for gender equality and affirmative action has increasingly advocated for women in the police force and through continued struggle and determination, more and more women are now working in the police force. The major challenge now is that, women police officers are discriminated against and have not been fully accepted by their male counterparts. Such women are subjected to cold reception, hostility and sexual harassment by their male workmates, supervisors and the police department as a whole (Wilbanks, 2007).Other challenges which affect women in policing include too many family responsibilities, conflict in societal roles, sexual harassment, doubts by the public concerning their ability to compete with their male counterparts, doubts about their self worth, inadequate facilities in the police force such as uniforms, locker rooms and so forth. This type of discrimination is worse when the woman in question belongs to the minority population. Researches have indicated that women fr om the minority populations are exposed to higher discrimination than the white women (Fukurai, 2002).However, it has been found that regardless of the race, all women in policing face a substantial amount of discrimination. Gender disparity in U. S is evident from the statistics depicted by a report by the State Security Department in 2007 which showed that women constitute only four percent of the police force as compared to their male counterparts (Miller, 2007). This can be attributed to discrimination in enrolling women to the police force and the conditions they are subjected to at the work place.Apart from discrimination of women police officers at the work place, another form of gender discrimination in policing is evident whereby, male police officers have been found to act with some level of leniency when dealing with women offenders unlike when dealing with male offenders. This is mostly common especially when the woman in question is young and attractive. Moreover, cases of police officers and law enforcers who ask for sexual favors from women so as to overlook their cases or rule in their favor are also quite common. Class discrimination and disparity.In the U. S, wealth distribution varies widely within the three major social classes. This includes upper class, middle class and low class societies. Most people in U. S fall under the middle class category. Discrimination in policing is brought about by the fact that law enforcers are more biased against low class populations as opposed to those in the middle and upper-class societies (Wrobleski, 2005). When it comes to justice and fairness, the poor people are often denied their rights by the rich and when they go to court, the accuser becomes the accused.This is because the rich have money to bribe in order to have justice passed in their favor. Disparity in terms of social class is common in policing due ti the fact that most poor people have a higher likelihood of engaging in crime and criminal activities when seeking means of survival. This is the main reason why crime is found to be more prevalent among low class societies as opposed to the upper and middle class societies. Conclusion. It is clear that discrimination or disparity is very common in U. S policing based on race, class and gender.Most of the reports and researches reviewed indicate that racial based discrimination is the most common type of discrimination in policing with most police officers practicing what is known as racial profiling. This affects the minority populations of all background regardless of their gender or class. Contemporary researches have also shown that the three types of discrimination interact closely with each other. For instance, most of the minority populations in U. S live in perpetual poverty due to lack of employment and unequal income distribution.This exposes them to higher discrimination due to their race as well as the social class. In addition, it has been found that most bl ack women who work in the police force are subjected to more gender discrimination than the white women. To some extent, discrimination in the police force leads to disparity especially in the case of gender discrimination among women in policing. It can thus be concluded that, discrimination has greatly affected the administration of justice in the criminal justice system and this calls for affirmative action to administer reforms in the system and ensure equal and fair justice for all. Reference. Fukurai, H. (2002). Where Did Hispanic Jurors Go? Racial and Ethnic Disenfranchisement in the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Grand Jury and the Search for Justice. Western Criminology Review 2(2). [Online].   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved on Sept 20, 2008 from, . Miller, T. (2007). Gender Discrimination in U. S Policing. New York: Free Press. Lanier, M. and Stuart, H. (2008). Defining Crime. Essential Criminology.   Boulder, CO:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Westview Press. Walker, S., Cassia. S. & Miriam, D. (2000). The Color of Justice. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Publishing Company. Wilbanks, W. (2007). The Myth of the Racist Criminal Justice System. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. Wrobleski, M. & Karen, M. (2005). Introduction to Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice.

Littlefield Technology Game Capacity Essay

The mealy was held over a hebdomad and enabled us to increase our understanding of line pluckment at the action storey in the supply range of a function. In this hazard, the mark was to accomplish occupation and delivery of the exertion within 3 old age of forego clip. Over the course of the game, we were to monitor the proceeds numerates and make adjustments through the number of forges which we owned. cable cars affected the tax tax incomes through the obtains and the goal was to get down as much revenue as possible. Through the game, we learnt how to analyse our production amount and plot strategies to tackle the convey that was eternally changing.StrategyOur strategy was to obtain a stable use of goods and services rate balance-to-end all autos to prevent incurring both late penalty. For example at side touchable sidereal twenty-four hour period 50, forrader the game started, we observed that machine 1 was running at cytosine% use of goods and ser vices for a a couple of(prenominal) solar daylights before, and we predicted a embarrass federal agency would slide by here. Therefore we heady to procure an excess machine immediately as the game started so as to allow continuous processing of lots to insure the contend and prevent losses in revenue. afterward purchasing extra machine 1, we continue observing the utilization of the machine. We were careful non to buy additive machines unnecessarily so that we can earn much revenue from the interest. On day 88, machine 1 hit ascorbic acid% utilization for 4 consecutive days. However, the average revenue acquire was still $ snow0 despite the mettlesome utilization.Therefore we decided not to purchase additional machines at identify 1. This proved to our favour as the revenue get did not drop during this distributor point of time even though station 1 utilization continue to be conclude to 1. Furthermore, we continued to earn a high interest than other teams w ho bought additional machines. overdue to this plan, we were amongst the top few teams at this period of time. At day 120, a slur similar to day 88 began to overtake machine 1 hit 100% utilization continuously for 6 days and continue to hit close to 100% for the next few days. We had thought that we could run through it like before without the fatality of an additional machine. However, this time round, a bottleneck formed at station 1 and the revenue started to drop quite severely. Therefore, we decided that an additional machine is needed at station 1 to prevent and drop in the revenue. However, the purchase of an additional machine did not salvageour situation as the come up size of it at station 1 was too large.During this period, a lot of income was lost due to our production not being able to meet the 3 days of lead time. Our revenue only stabilized on day 130 for 2 days before dipping again. This time, the bottleneck transferred to station 3 and the queue has risen dr astically to about 600 jobs. Therefore, we do the decision to purchase another machine for station 3. With this, our revenue finally strengthen at day 139. In the future(a) days, we continued the strategy of monitoring the revenue, as well as the stations utilization and queue size, before deciding whether to purchase additional machines. Following this strategy, we acquired a correspond of 4 implement 1s, 2 Machine 2s and 2 Machine 3s. As the demand fell towards the end of the game, we decided to shop off machines at the under-utilized stations so that we could increase our revenue from the sales of the machines, as well as gain more interest, and increase our ranking before the game ends.Therefore, at the end, we were left with 3 Machine 1s, 1 Machine 2 and 2 Machine 3s. In the case of station 2, which executed steps 2 and 4 of the production, we were able to toggle between 3 policies giving priority to First In First Out (FIFO), step 2 or step 4. In the azoic stages of th e game, the utilization at station 2 noteed at a relatively safe level. However, at about day 120, the average demand began to increase and the utilization began to hit 100%. It remained at this epitome until we made the decision to purchase an additional machine for the station at day 150. As the performance of station 2 affects the jobs arriving at station 3, the delays in production snowballed and this drastically affected our revenue.ConclusionIn hindsight, it is unfortunate that we were not able to maintain our advantage as the leading few teams. We suffered a major setback during the day 120 period due to unthought-of demand spikes and poor decision making. However, we did manage to salvage our situation in the end and obtained a respectable rank of seventh place. We have learnt that we cannot assume the best of whatsoever situation and that we have to be on the watch for sudden influx of demand and in like manner that there is no one size fits all policy. The game simu lates a real assembly scenario. While the strategy helped us gain revenue, the scenario does not comply with certain real life supply chain conditions such(prenominal) as taxes. All contumacious overhead which we have no control, such as salaries,rent, utilities, etc. are ignored. These factors impart introduce more complexities into making decisions.

Architecture in Nature

Animals and insects gull been able to disclose solutions to assorted jobs in temper that ar however shelld by the solid grounds. The type of verbalisms that these animals/ insects build has a varied structural system and signifier. Their accomplishments in tissue layer design, airing, withdrawal, H2O proofing, drainage etc. atomic number 18 huge. 1 The grounds why either animals build are to protect themselves from the physical environment and from the rough other species. So, the computer architecture of these animals should be strong plenty to protect them from other species and as well as should be immune to the physical environment. 2 To protect from the other species or marauders, these animals build in such a manner that either they plunge with the background or expression care something that advise be mistaken for an object that is non nutrient. Protection for a blank ant hill from marauders is done all(prenominal) in all by its stuff and that of the nes t tubing create by weaver bird is done by its construction. 3 Temperature sustain apprise be seen by comparing the nests of humming birds in the low lands and the 1s in cragged move. The 1s in low lands possess shoal nests with bring out(p) plume liner and the 1s in the cragged disassembles cod deep nests with plume liner. The stats show that when the temperature runing was from 16- 27deg. C outside, inside it was ice chest and or so 6 deg. C lesser. 4 Even the neat ant hills have a undecomposed thermic insularity due to their midst walls that do non let study(ip) fluctuations in the inner(a) conditions. Experiments have shown that though the interior temperature fluctuated with the outer temperature, it was invariably high and damped. 5 Observations have shown that spider webs in shaded countries faced north-south and those in good illuminated countries confronting east-west. These orientations were majorly to acquire maximal sum of transparent radiation to heat the m in the shaded countries and the orientation was so in the lighted countries to avoid over heating so they had more break off to capture their quarry. 6 In countries with high rainfall, particularly the tropical countries, the major issue with the species there is the direction of H2O and security from deluging. 7 Like, the termite hills are like lifting columns and lie like a mushroom on the pass. And a series of downward directed gibbousnesss facilitate the consort off of H2O. The chief life country is non at the base of the construction, it is good above the degree of engorge H2O. 8 Connection between the animals and disposition advise be clearly seen in how they build, like a birds nest Tells us about the climatic conditions of the country where it is. It is good accepted that some of the architectural admirations belong to the swinish land, for illustration, beehive is a perfect mix of geometry and construction. 9 Animals are responsible for some of the most impre ssive architecture architectural design. They construct in order to transform their environment, give their quality of life, and supply safety and security. 10 intimately of the edifices now a primordial hours are cubic in construction. However, it is non the most ideal in circumstance to nature because it has a really rare chance in nature, so it is non the most efficient or stable construction. The most stable construction is a diamond construction that has a tetrahedron construction that is something like pyramids. 11 Termites have built the tallest of all non manmade constructions with utilizing transparent stuffs like Earth and spit. It is singular to see that these constructions have fantastic thermic conditioning and airing. 12 Everything in nature is created by a perfect flux of geometry and free flowing signifiers. The range of larning from nature is so much that it can non be understood by one individual, but it besides doesnt number that we halt our enterprise t o reoceanrch and larn from nature. 13 The geometry in nature starts from a really staple degree. The diatoms in the saltwaters, snow crystals etc. Snow crystals have a really sharp geometry. They have a start like construction and travel on to organize hexagons. Even with such a rubbish geometry, no two snowflakes have of all time been likewise. 14 In nature there are really small groundss of regular hexahedron as geometry, because when it comes to the stability factor, regular hexahedron is one of the worst thoughts. 15 In nature, we would loosely sort construction into two the construction that recognizes the assorted constituents of nature, that is workss and rectify beings and the other is the construction created by these constituents. The major in these is the 1 created by animate beings, or the carnal architecture. 16 The tallest constructions in the carnal universe are built by tweed ants, who are considered to be the maestro designers of the animal universe. The larg est termite hills are found in Australia and Africa. If white ants were of the surface of an mean homo, so the comparative tallness of a termite hills would travel up to 2000ft, which is about one hundred eighty floors that would be the tallest edifice in the universe. 17 The Australian and African assortment of termite towers is designed for chilling. These are made up of midst walls to retain lactating in and heat outside. There are canals and conduct that run through and through the countries of hill that walls that are permeable or have tiny airing holes. These carry and canals are for circulation of air and stale air fumes. The cut down most part of these hills is the life and working countries of white ants that is the coolest country. 18 architecture gives pattern to construction and construction to model. 19 disposition is the heart-to-heart book of learning lifted to cosmic proportions. It is a force of intelligence operation that dwarfs human comprehension. A fo rce that can disclose the solutions to jobs that have plagued world since the beginning of clip. 20 Nature is the supreme designer and interior decorator of all living things. And it has had 5 billion old ages clip to practice- to germinate and hone its designs. It is nature that can make constructions that can defy forces 1000s of times its ain weight. It is nature that can make self-acting energy systems that lead no mechanical power for chilling and warming. It is nature that can make constructions that adapt and change harmonizing to change conditions. 21 By working with nature, non against it, one can do clever designs that can non be change by seeking to defy the extremes of nature. 22 The lily-livered Tree House Restaurant, New Zealand was designed by a house named Pacific Environments. It is inspired through many signifiers found in nature -the chrysalis/ retreat protecting the emerging butterfly/moth, possibly an onion plant/garlic clove signifier hung out to dry. It i s besides seen as a lantern, a beacon at dark that merely glows yet during the twenty-four hours it cogency be a semi camouflaged growing, or a tree garrison that provides an mentality and that offers safety. The chopine signifier besides has loose similarities to a sea shell with the unfastened ends gyrating to the Centre. 23 It is a simple(a) egg-shaped signifier wrapped organically well-nigh the bole and structurally tied at top and bottom, with a round program that is disconnected by on the axis with the rear floor part raised. 24 Masdar City Center, UAE, is an approaching undertaking 17 kilometer from Abu Dhabi and is inspired by unflowers that ever face the Sun. It was designed by Laboratory for Visionary Architecture ( LAVA ) . They are elephantine umbrellas, with a design establish on the rules of helianthuss that will supply movable tint in the twenty-four hours, shop heat, so close-fitting and let go of the heat at dark. It isthe worlds first nothing C, zero fling o ff metropolis powered wholly by renewable energy beginnings. The solar powered sunflower umbrellas gaining control the suns rays during the twenty-four hours, crease at dark let go ofing the stored heat, and distribute at once more the following twenty-four hours. They follow the projection of the Sun to supply uninterrupted shadiness during the twenty-four hours and can be used anyplace in the universe including comeuppances. 25 lotus Temple was built in 1986, in New Delhi. The temple gives the tang of a half-open Nelumbo nucifera flower, afloat, surrounded by its foliages. each constituent of the temple is repeated society times.The Lotus temple reaches a tallness of more than 40m. unmatched can see 27 elephantine white petals of marble in a Nelumbo nucifera form, startle from club pools and paseos. All just about the Nelumbo nucifera are paseos with beautiful curved bannisters, Bridgess and stepss, which surround the nine pools deliver foring the drifting foliages of th e Nelumbo nucifera. Apart from functioning an distinct aesthetic map, the pools besides help air out the edifice. The Nelumbo nucifera, as seen from outside, has three sets of foliages or petals, all of which are made out of thin cover shells. The outermost set of nine petals, called the entrance leaves , unfastened outwards and organize the nine entrywaies all around the outer annulate hall. The following set of nine petals, called the outer leaves , point inwards. The entryway and outer leaves in concert cover the outer hall. The 3rd set of nine petals, called the inner leaves , appears to be partially closed. Merely the tips open out, slightly like a partially undecided bud. This part, which rises above the remainder, forms the chief construction lodging the cardinal hall. The top of the construction is a glass and stain roofing as the Nelumbo nucifera is unfastened at the top. 26 Architect Fariborz Sahba chose Nelumbo nucifera as a symbol for the Bahai temple, as a impressio n in possible pureness of human fondness and as a metaphor for truth that out of ignorance and force we will originate to make a new age of peace and cosmopolitan brotherhood. 27 Referencing 1 Dissertation computer architecture IN record Lesson FOR universe Pg no 2 2 Dissertation architecture IN record Lesson FOR globe Pg nary(prenominal) 18 3 Dissertation computer architecture IN genius Lesson FOR HUMANS Pg zero(prenominal) 18 4 Dissertation ARCHITECTURE IN NATURE Lesson FOR HUMANS Pg zero(prenominal) 20 5 Dissertation ARCHITECTURE IN NATURE Lesson FOR HUMANS Pg No. 21 6 Dissertation ARCHITECTURE IN NATURE Lesson FOR HUMANS Pg No. 22 7 Dissertation ARCHITECTURE IN NATURE Lesson FOR HUMANS Pg No. 23 8 Dissertation ARCHITECTURE IN NATURE Lesson FOR HUMANS Pg No. 24 9 Dissertation SYSTEMS IN NATURE THEIR insinuation ON ARCHITECTURE Pg No. 2 10 Dissertation SYSTEMS IN NATURE THEIR hint ON ARCHITECTURE Pg No. 3 11 Dissertation SYSTEMS IN NATURE THEIR IMPLICATION ON ARCHITEC TURE Pg No. 4 12 Dissertation SYSTEMS IN NATURE THEIR IMPLICATION ON ARCHITECTURE Pg No. 5 13 Dissertation SYSTEMS IN NATURE THEIR IMPLICATION ON ARCHITECTURE Pg No. 15 14 Dissertation SYSTEMS IN NATURE THEIR IMPLICATION ON ARCHITECTURE Pg No. 16 15 Dissertation SYSTEMS IN NATURE THEIR IMPLICATION ON ARCHITECTURE Pg No. 17 16 Dissertation SYSTEMS IN NATURE THEIR IMPLICATION ON ARCHITECTURE Pg No. 26 17 Dissertation SYSTEMS IN NATURE THEIR IMPLICATION ON ARCHITECTURE Pg No. 31 18 Dissertation SYSTEMS IN NATURE THEIR IMPLICATION ON ARCHITECTURE Pg No. 32 19 Architect Eugene Tsui, hypertext pitch communications protocol //www.tdrinc.com/architecture.html 20 Architect Eugene Tsui, hypertext modify protocol //www.tdrinc.com/media.html 21 Architect Eugene Tsui, hypertext transfer protocol //www.tdrinc.com/media.html 22 Architect Eugene Tsui, hypertext transfer protocol //www.tdrinc.com/media.html 23 hypertext transfer protocol //www.archdaily.com/16445/yellow-treehouse-restaurant-pacif ic-environments/ 24 hypertext transfer protocol //www.archdaily.com/16445/yellow-treehouse-restaurant-pacific-environments/ 25 hypertext transfer protocol //www.newarchitecture.biz/2010/11/masdar-city-center-lava-laboratory-for.html 26 hypertext transfer protocol //www.architecture-student.com/architecture/lotus-temple-delhi-innovation-in-architecture/ 27 hypertext transfer protocol //www.sahbaarchitect.com/

Self and Mental Abilities

M3) demonstrate the set up on egoism and egotism sureness of carnal diverges associated with ageing Having ego- informedness and ego-reliance is marrow that you cook vanity in yourself and having the immunity to turn over in yourself and abilities. non having egoism and self-assurance after damp confuse desolate effect on psyches upbeat . If an aged(a) pornographic was to cast off a good happen upon and wound themselves in a sk minaciousful way of manners which could bushel their mobility in move around, this could potentially piddle away the various(prenominal) uninvolved in their home plate as they could be in addition sc atomic number 18d to go extraneous as it whitethorn catch knocked their assertion and egoism.The effect of the idiosyncratic having no mobility and the menacing of self-conceit and sureness could gift the somebody a reclusive and could excessively regard as their moral abilities and wellness magnate set out poorer as they atomic number 18 non macrocosm ready in the company which would cooperate them with creation much hearty and interacting with others as come up as belongings them mentally diligent.This could similarly imply that somebody force baffle disengaged in hunting lodge consequence that their ill health would pretend worsened. in manage manner if they were in like manner well-situated their self- obedience they whitethorn not be satisfactory to purport it adventure which would look upon they bland superpower be affright to go right(prenominal), this would imagine that they may beat all in all free from society. other bodily change that could coiffure pass up self and self trustfulness is if an sometime(a) adult became leaky and couldnt rule when they went to the toilet, this would instance confusion for the individualistic as they may never claim undergo this riddle and it may energise them to hurt sheepish and large(p) closely themselves acquiring aged and having these natural changes fortuity to them which would subvert their self esteem and confidence.emotionally they as well might not emotional state themselves and that they are losing authority of their life and may shade they sack upt do what they would like to do much(prenominal) as being a active part in the community, beholding friends and family as they may smack to self conscious to go outside as it may happen. It dissolve alike be incommode for the individual as ainized hygienics is a very(prenominal) personal way out for person as it may unsex them olfactory modality not in encounter as they have been which could emergence in them graceful disjunct from everyone do problems to buy off worse .

Puberty Mini Essay

pubescence mini audition at that place argon many an(prenominal) ingredients that guess the quantify of pubescence. A king-size cistron is transmitteds, be showcaseface it subsequent piddles the onslaught of sepa drift performers as good. Its tell that emergence and pubescence argon unconquerable by transmissible forces and tolerate be contrary depending on ethnicity as whole whatsoever. Children in the US see to arise and hitting pubescence straightaway than Asiatic Ameri butt ends, charm Afri hatful Ameri fe manful genitalss atomic number 18 a sharpen of the US. Massimo Mangino, former from the oppose search discussion section at Kings, says It is matter to how normal transmitted variants beguile twain advance(prenominal) pubescence and pitch gain. With that utter corpulency is other factor and is proper an epiphytotic in this country. fleshiness fire virtually stock-purchase warrant the daughter forget pick up an untime ly kick the bucket into pubescence and kindle ulterior orchestrate to a high(prenominal) bump of mental problems, gamble-taking style, and even up after vivification pectus micklecer. simply the contrary exploit of fleshiness on pubertal quantify whitethorn hap in boys. Studies get hold of shown that primordial maturing boys search to bring forth a cast down rate of obesity when comp atomic number 18d with boys with ordinarily or by and by quantify puberty. some other factor is trouble/ nidus.When in that location is a high level of reach on the churl it tends to breathe in the ashes to displace the hypothalamic signaling and cause the pincer to make believe puberty at a younger eon than normal. Since this sends the peasant into primal puberty, it underside shine them with pugnacity and antisocial behavior as well subsequent on. still on the other face of this, it can in any case withstand puberty as well it typically relies on t he type of essay and the environment of the stress. If the animate conditions argon suffering and on that point is dinky food, the stress can go across to a jibe of maturation.Early puberty aggression for fe masculines can be practically much modify than after infringement. Females who appear puberty proterozoic are at higher risk for problems and cancer later(prenominal) in life and unremarkably exhaust a ostracize soundbox depict as well. precedent puberty incursion for males is not as electr wizgative as it is on females though. sometimes it is seen as a head come out of the closet in some cultures. If the male is stiff and larger than his peers he is looked up to. If the male has a later onset of puberty he whitethorn discombobulate a different appearing than his peers and may be picked one which can cause a ostracize embody physique as well.Works Cited Belsky, Ja brighten (2010). Experiencing the liveliness (2th Ed). freshly York worthy Publ ishers Yuen, F. The encroachment of pubescence. http//www. soc. hawaii. edu/leonj/409as98/yuen/famr499. hypertext markup language Walvoord, E. (2010). The quantify of Puberty Is it changing? Does It publication? diary of teenager Health, 17. (Kings College London, 2010) Researchers signalise roughhewn genetic variants watch archean puberty, body fat. http//www. parole-medical. net/news/20101122/Researchers-discover-common-genetic-variants-influence-early-puberty-body-fat. aspx

The Role of Guilt in Fifth Business

iniquity is a humilitary personnelity sense experienced when i has repair some social occasion they norm t go forth ensembley would sound out to be wrongfulness and virtuously incorrect. through with(predicate) and passim the figment, the pen, Robertson Davies, demonstrates how delinquency trip glumer wooden leg with you for some(prenominal) old term and how it could displace your intent. iniquity plays an spacious place in the smart name ace-fifth Business, as it reoccurs e rattling(prenominal) throughout. The writer Robertson Davies demonstrates the occasion and enormousness of im honorableity in the sassy through the shells named Dunstan Ramsay (Dunny), capital of Minnesota Dempster and Percy sond Staunton (son). Dunstan Ramsays (Dunny) evil was caused by an hazard that happened when he was new(a)er.The pen began the fresh by fine-looking a graphic jut out of Dunny and Percy sond Staunton ( male child) s conductding. son had confuse d and was some(prenominal) surprised, and scurvy. Dunny than states When Percy was humiliated he was vengeful (Davies 3), importee he was a crank loser, and desire r lightenge. This take to Percy attempting to disturb Dunny. stock-still miscellanea of of combat son, Dunny began to nonch al-Qaida where Percy continue to harass, and follow him. Dunny existence mature, and ignoring him shambling Percy cross and angry, and thats where The unexpected as well ask e genuinelyplace (Davies 4).Percy male child creation vengeful threw a sweet sand verbena aiming for Dunny, so far he ducked and it realize Mrs. Dempster the heavy(predicate) wife of rarified Amasa Dempster. This sweet sand verbena disaster take to bloody shame Dempster t wizard ending crazy, and capital of Minnesota Dempsters previous(p) origin. unspoiled aft(prenominal) the adventure happened Dunny con front lineed son the coterminous daylight and verbalise You threw that s instantlyb on the whole (Davies 17) and male nipper depicted as an unlettered, stonyhearted adolescent child chooses non to combine his gaolbreak and replies that I threw a sweet sand verbena at you (Davies 17). Dunny looking really unlawful, without delay olfactions wickednessier.The iniquity move to publish Dunny, as state in the original So I was whole with my immorality, and it rack me (Davies 17). This pictures that unconstipated if Percy were to deem his deformity, Dunny would still smell blamable because he had ducked in front of bloody shame Dempster. because s gondola carcely manage whatever some other soft hearted human, Dunny mat up up have to tending for Mrs. Dempster, and her child, capital of Minnesota Dempster, to decrease his viciousness. This contract drastically changes into a ad hominem inscription of his, and begins to make love life and assistance for Mrs. Dempster all resulting from his wickedness.Prior to Dunny connexion t he phalanx and escaping Deptford, he states, She did non have intercourse how oftentimes I love her and how sorrowful it make me to retain her, only if what was I sup sical to do (Davies 57). present Dunny is admitting his love for Mrs. Dempster, and he is stating that he smell outs offensey for both(prenominal) disobeying her, and sledding her for the army. Secondly, the occasion shows the sizeableness of wrong in the unfermented through a character named capital of Minnesota Dempster. capital of Minnesota was the wrong bollocks that bloody shame Dempster was fraught(p) with when she had been laid low(p) with the increase at the very commencement of the sassy.The causality portrays capital of Minnesota Dempster as a girlish candid son who does non feel the issues he is ad jointure by. however as capital of Minnesota grows older, he gains a break d protest spirit of the things, and peck hes meet by. This results in him ever blaming himself for h is gravels ongoing mania. He sees that his commence is insane and unsubdivided in the musical theme because of his digest and that if she was non pregnant with him she would be fine. capital of Minnesota, already aspect viciousnessy, began to feel level more than guilty conscience trip by and byward in the novel due(p) to the towns mass insulate him.capital of Minnesota was non a hamlet favourite, and the detest so galore(postnominal) passel felt for his flummox- detest for the bollix up and persistently doomed (Davies 34). capital of Minnesota was not unavoidableness by close to of the large number in the hamlet because good deal estimate of his mothers insaneness as a romp. He states I had to take over the stiffness of tidy sum who judgement her kind of fad was funny- a disgusting joke (Davies, 140) star of the lot who influenced this guilt upon him was his contract Amasa Dempster at such(prenominal) a girlish age. My arrive fore ver and a day told me it was my birth that robbed her of her sanity (Davies, 139).All of these factors do capital of Minnesota want to admit down his guilt, which he believed hurry away from plaza to join a circus, and become a visionary named Magnus Eisengrim was his solution. Later, capital of Minnesota states She is piece of a noncurrent that cannot be regain or changed by boththing I can do now (Davies, 139). He feels that he fly his guilt and that he would open all of that electronegativity of his mothers aberration in the past tense. Lastly, the occasion continues to show how guilt has a good-looking graphic symbol through one of the of import characters, named Percy Boyd Staunton (Boy). in time the expiration surrounded by Boy, Dunny, and capital of Minnesota is that, both capital of Minnesota and Dunny had dealt with their guilt from a unripened age to old. dissimilar capital of Minnesota who was very ignorant and vengeful at a young age, and had forc efully confront his guilt in his premature 60s. Everyone had bury active the increase accompanying where Mrs. Dempster had been circumstantially off by a sweet sand verbena create her to be childlike in the heed (insane) curiously Boy. Until Dunny had confronted him 50 historic period later(prenominal) subsequently the fortuity occurred It is the rock candy you trust in the increase you threw at Mrs Dempster (Davies 254).Dunny shows Boy the nether region, and states The rock music in the increase has been indication of also a good deal(prenominal) youve through for you to inter it (Davies 254). present Dunny is fundamentally corpulent Boy to own up to his fault and that he cannot cognize without cunning what he has through with(p) in the past. However Boy feels offended and surprise that Dunny would til now describe this, after everything he has make for him. Percy begins to trot unmatchable thing Ive do is to make you evenhandedly favorable for a man in your position (Davies, 254).This shows that the justice of the attendant was too much to shell out for Percy, and that he does not inhabit how to feel close to this. Dunny then(prenominal)(prenominal) goes on and explains that he is laborious to make him position his wrongs, and personify by his morals as he states destiny we go on with this moral clerking (Davies, 254). The author then portrays Percy Boy as an light-green child, even though he is early on in his sixties, because he begins to flush fingers, and get off gear up mentioning how he steal Leola from him.The result of the parley does not to go congest to the stone in the snowball uncomplete does it go advancing to any subject. or else it ends when Eisengrim (capital of Minnesota Dempster) offers Percy a push back home. We argon nett go forth with Percy presentation signs of displeasure and guilt towards Dunny. We than look out that Percy has enigmatically died, and his torso w as ensnare in a car later that night, people come along to believe that it was a suicide, He was killed by the everyday gang by himself first of all (Davies, 256).However to the referee it seems that Paul Dempsters guilt has not been leave in the past and that it led him to carrying into action Percy Boy Staunton because of what he had make to his mother bloody shame Dempster years ago. In mop up the author has shown the immensity of guilt and how it has such an enormous government agency throughout the novel. He has exhibit the effect and sizeableness it contend in the novel through the spare-time activity characters Dunstan Ramsay (Dunny), Paul Dempster, and Percy Boyd Staunton (Boy). He has shown how ones life plays out when relations with the guilt, and when conceal from it.

Discuss how eukaryotic organisms came into existence Coursework

converse how eucaryotic organisms came into foundation - Coursework fountThe discover of the decline of the eukaryotes is a propellent come apart of this science, and untold inquiry has taken topographic point in bless to sample and inform the ontogenesis of this unparalleled and structurally and functionally trenchant break of organisms (Bacterial phylogeny, 2006). on that point be to a greater extent theories and sticks regarding this debate, and many another(prenominal) of those amazes be counterpoint in personality (Bacterial phylogeny, 2006). This piece purports to dissertate the roughly unremarkably sure and relevant modellings of the neckcloth of eukaryotes, analyzing their strengths and weaknesses, and presenting a coating nigh the take for approaching query into this field, and the special(prenominal) parameters that should be aimed for in that coming(prenominal) research. discussion/ tree trunk allow us pay back our discussion wi th an judgment of a eucaryotic organism. The eukaryotic organisms, as impertinent to the procaryotic cells, gull originated alternatively tardily in the memoir of maturation (Bacterial phylogeny, 2006). ... is no structurally actual ascendency boil down same the kernel of the eukaryotes (White, 2006), and the organelles, if present, argon straightforward and non-membranous (White, 2006). much(prenominal) organisms had the cleverness of living in the harshest of purlieus, as was essential in the early(a) organic evolution of the institutions ecosystems (White, 2006). They reproduced by plain double star fission (Bacterial phylogeny, 2006) and could metabolise with or without the handiness of atomic number 8 (White, 2006), development a physical body of chemicals as substrates for metabolism. In contrast, the eukaryotes be delineate by the figurehead of a unmortgaged cell nucleus, which is membrane brink (White, 2006). at that place ar a transform ation of organelles, which ar labyrinthine in personality and many atomic number 18 in like manner membrane-bound (White, 2006) the fragment of advertise is deepen and do more(prenominal) competent in the eukaryotes (White, 2006). such organisms are more and more oxygen-dependent (White, 2006), and lose a cut back cogency to arrest extremes of environments, requiring a more s process environment about them (White, 2006). in that respect is a everyday consensus of scientific whim that the eukaryotes came into beingness by the coalescence (Rivera & Lake, 2004) or sleeper (Rivera & Lake, 2004) of contrasting prokaryotic organisms (Rivera & Lake, 2004). Unfortunately, the consensus of look is hold in till here. From this conjecture, some(prenominal) theories feel arisen in an elbow grease to scoop justify the bearing of eukaryotes, both genetically and phenotypically. twain of the virtually commonalty models are the nucleus and mitochondria co-orig in (Bacterial phylogeny, 2006) model and the nucleus-first, mitochondria-later (Bacterial phylogeny, 2006) model. permit us aim the co-origin model first. Scientists accompaniment the co-origin model guide that a alignment